Piagets Stages of Cognitive Development The First Stage...

The first stage is called the Sensorimotor stage. It occupies the first two years of a childs life, from birth to 2 years old. It is called the Sensorimotor stage because in it children are occupied with sensing things and moving them. From these activities they learn what makes things happen, what the connections are between actions and their consequences. They learn to grasp and hold and what happens when they let go. This happens later on in the stage. When they are new-born they have no concept of there being anything else apart from themselves in the world. In fact they think that they are the world. Piaget called this Egocentism; he said that children with this attitude were totally Egocentric. This does not mean that†¦show more content†¦Like most things in life, acquisition of the concept of the external world is not as simple as that, but this is no place in which to enquire after such questions. It is easier to ask what evidence there may be that an individual has acquired the concept. One piece of evidence is the childs apparent belief that objects exist when not perceived. This is called belief in Object Permanence. If a cloth is placed over a toy for which an eight-month old child is reaching, the child will immediately lose interest in the toy, as if the toy had ceased to exist. This is just what it has done for the child; as soon as anything passes from its experience that thing is no more. However, only a couple of months later, the same child in a similar situation will actively search for an object that has been hidden from its view. The older child has the concept of Object Permanence; it believes that there is an object under the cloth even though it cannot see it, feel it, hear it, taste it or smell it, and will make an effort to reach it if it so desires. The childs problems are not over yet, though. It is not very agile in its thought; if a toy has been hidden very often in one place,Show MoreRelatedEssay about Understanding Piaget’s Theory and Current Criticism1370 Words   |  6 Pagesand profound man, Jean Piaget, established a theory of cognitive growth during childhood. This theory was viewed as a major model for understanding the intricate steps of mental development from the thinking to understanding for a child. This theory also gave rise to the mentality that cognitive processes during childhood are not minuscule versions of adults but rather an irrational yet unique process with its own rules. Even though Piaget’s theory seems quite reasonable and logical, under the lightRead MoreEssay on Piagets Learning Theory in Elementary Education1549 Words   |  7 PagesPiaget’s Learning Theory in Elementary Education In order to support children’s growth educators try to provide a stimulating classroom environment. They implement different strategies, tools and practices to help achieve this goal. Since educators play an important role in children’s development they should be familiar with developmental psychology and know of its educational implications in the classroom. There are two major approaches of developmental psychology: (1) Cognitive development asRead MoreDevelopmental Theory Essay1726 Words   |  7 PagesShortcomings Of Piaget’s Theory. This essay will be summarising the contributions and shortcomings of the Cognitive-Developmental theory and firstly explore the background and key concept’s of Piaget’s work behind child development. Secondly Piaget’s ideas about cognitive change and the four stages of development from birth which are the sensorimotor stage, the pre-operational stage, the concrete operational stage and the formal operational stage and how this impacts development. Thirdly the mainRead MoreResearch On Piaget s Stage Theory1388 Words   |  6 PagesResearch on Piaget’s Stage Theory In a study by Bruce and Muhammad (2009), the specific focus was evaluating prior research done that have aimed for a better understanding in Piaget’s sensorimotor developmental stage (birth-2 years), regarding children who suffer from autism, blindness, intellectual, and physical disabilities. As stated above, object permanence is the primary focus in this stage and it is seen as a foundational skill to master when moving towards the next stages. In each stages, objectRead MoreSocio Cultural Theory And Piaget s Cognitive Development Theory1493 Words   |  6 PagesThe two theorists that I have chosen to compare are Vygotsky for his work on the socio-cultural theory and Piaget’s Cognitive Development theory. The socio-cultural theory focuses on how norms, culture, beliefs and values are passed onto the next generation in a society (Berk, 2007). Piaget was the first psychologist to study cognitive development and described his work as genetic epistemology. He was conc erned with how essential concepts such as the idea of time, numbers, justice etc. arose (SieglerRead MorePiaget s Impact On Education862 Words   |  4 Pagespsychology during the twentieth century. Piaget’s theory has impacted education and a focuses on developmentally appropriate education. Because of Piaget’s impact on education, curriculum, instruction and materials have been developed and are used by students in accordance with the student’s physical and cognitive abilities, along with their emotional and social needs (Ojose, 2008). Piaget was the first psychologist to make a systematic study of cognitive development; before his work, it was assumed thatRead MoreDiscuss Piagets theory of cognitive development1235 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Discuss Piaget’s theory of Cognitive Development Cognitive Development can be defined as the development of thought processes. This includes thinking, concept understanding, problem solving, and decision making and remembering from childhood on to adulthood. There are two theories of Cognitive development that offer us two different ways of understanding it. The first is called Domain general. This theory states that one line of development determines all of the changes in a child’sRead MorePiagets Theory of Cognitive Development Essays1715 Words   |  7 Pagesa lifelong interest in how individuals, especially children, use cognitive development to adapt to the world around them. Piaget published his first paper by the age of 10, completed his bachelor’s degree by the age of 18, and at the age of 22 received his PhD from the University of Neuchatel. Piaget spent many years of his life researching the developmental and cognitive knowledge of children. The Theory of Cognitive Development places focus on human intelligence and developmental thinking. â€Å"InfluencedRead MoreJean Piaget s Cognitive Theory Essay1750 Words   |  7 Pageswell-renowned twentieth century scholar responsible for the development of the Cognitive Theory, focusing on how people think over time, which, in turn, reflects in how how attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors are shaped. Jean Piaget observed and divided the Cognitive Theory into four periods of cognitive d evelopment, which occur in the following order: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Of the four stages, each has it’s own characteristics and developmental gainsRead MoreJean Piaget: Biography and Theory of Cognitive Development1601 Words   |  6 PagesPiagets Theory of Cognitive Development: Jean Piagets theory of cognitive development is a description of the four distinct stages of development of cognition in children. The theory was developed at a time when Piaget was employed at the Binet Institute in the 1920s in which his main responsibilities were to develop the French versions of questions on the English intelligence tests. During this period, Piaget became increasingly concerned or interested with the reasons children gave for their

Essay about Cultural Competency in the Workplace - 1197 Words

Today’s management in the workforce is composed of all types of people verses thirty years ago when white males held a majority of upper-management positions in companies. These positions are now held by a mixture of ethnic back grounds and women who hold just as many if not more management positions then men. Just by looking at the changes in management demographics shows how important it is for people to understand cultural competency in the workplace. Dr. Roosevelt Thomas Jr. (1999) stated, â€Å"Diversity is the collective mixture of whomever we have in our workforce characterized by their differences and similarities† (p.11). Managers and supervisors must understand the characteristics of a diversity mature individual; they also need to be†¦show more content†¦Also the individual must be willing to continue building his or her awareness of the effects of cultural competency in the workplace by keeping up with current events. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Finally, the individual needs to be comfortable when dealing with the dynamics of diversity. This person will need to utilize a process framework in addressing diversity. This means take the time to understand both sides of the story before deciding who was wrong. Sometimes a saying may be interpreted wrong because it may be acceptable in one culture but not the other. A diversity mature individual will take the time to ask questions to better understand the situation, and then provide a solution to help both parties resolve the matter in a peaceful way. This technique will allow employees to regain focus and continue performing at peak levels. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Martin and Tulgan (2002) claims, â€Å" Affirmative action is the positive steps an employer takes to employ women and minorities in numbers equal to or greater than their availability and to proactively seek to employ those with disabilities and veterans† (p.89). Over the course of the years equal employment opportunity laws and regulations were put in place. The Equal Pay Act was established in 1963 to set pay based on the job category, and to prevent wage differential based on gender. In 1965 the Executive Order 11246 was passed to stopShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Cultural Competency On A Healthcare Organization1021 Words   |  5 PagesImportance of Culture Competency in a Healthcare Organization The information in this paper is based on interviews from two executives, research, and personal experiences. Further it will define cultural competency and provide the viewpoints from two executive level employees on the importance of developing a culturally competent environment for their patients and staff in the healthcare setting. Cultural competency from the health care perspective is defined according to † (Betancourt, J.R.Read MoreCultural diversity is defined as the cultural variety and cultural differences that exist in the600 Words   |  3 PagesCultural diversity is defined as the cultural variety and cultural differences that exist in the world, a society, or an institution and or the inclusion of diverse people in a group or organization. (dictionary.com) This paper will discuss some of the general competencies required to be successful while working in a culturally diverse environment. Not only is diversity in the workplace inevitable it is necessary and makes perfect business sense. The concept of diversity within the workplace includesRead MoreToo Many U.S. Expatriate Managers Fail Essay659 Words   |  3 Pagesmanagers end up quickly or they are found to be ineffective by their seniors. The major factors contributing to the failure of U.S expatriate managers include family stress, emotional immaturity, cultural inflexibility, over work and physical breakdown. Let’s discuss the reasons of family stress and cultural inflexibility. Stress experienced within family has been perceived as a factor that leads to the failure of an expatriate manager. It takes a bit of time for managers and their families to adjustRead MoreCultural Competence And Why Is It Important1027 Words   |  5 Pages Competency 1 Understand cultural competence and why is it important especially for that have a diverse workforce. The United States has become increasingly a culturally diverse society. The understanding of cultural relativism in a multicultural working environment can be of a great importance to the success or failure of an organization. What is cultural competency? Before we explain it, let’s take a step back and analyze culture, cultural diversity, and Cultural relativism. Objective 1a: DefineRead MoreCultural Competency And Health Care1462 Words   |  6 Pages Cultural competency is secure, respectful, reciprocal relationships and partnerships, which respects for diversity and obey expectations and equity. In today’s society, cultural competency is quite important to the worldwide healthcare due to the cultural differences. In Melbourne, Australia, Monash Health is a community service in the local government area (LGA) of Monash. In order to demonstrate the features and importance of cultural competency, details of this community (Monash) are going toRead MoreHealthcare Management and Article Critique709 Words   |  3 Pagesnationalities. As a result, managing diversity in the workplace and promoting multi-cultural competency have become essential to the success of these organizations. As a healthcare manager, the major steps I would take to manage diversity in the workplace include reforming organizational structures, systems, and processes and transforming the organizational culture (Lappetito, 1994, p.22). In addition, I would implement four steps to promote multi-cultural competency including ensuring staff diversity is a reflectionRead MoreNational Vocational Education And Training Regulator Act 20111613 Words   |  7 PagesRegulator Act 2011 and refers to a group of frameworks and systems that define the operational set up of RTOs. The three key features are: (i) Industry led – this features learning outcomes that are defined by representatives from the industry and workplace. These outcomes address ‘real life’ expectations. In my field of design, this may be defined by developing assessment based on a mock studio set up where the teacher is a client and the students work off a brief given by the client. (ii) NationalRead MoreCross Cultural Relationships1105 Words   |  5 PagesCROSS CULTURAL RELATIONSHIPS As the world becomes more and more internationally connected, the need to understand people from different cultures and how to interact appropriately with them also increases. Managers and leaders need to develop intercultural competences that can help them be more aware of their own culturally-based perceptions, norms, and patterns of thinking, and consequently adapt their behaviors according to specific cultural contexts. Managing people across cultures  offers solidRead MoreWhat Is Cultural Intelligence (Cq)?. The Cultural Intelligence1494 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Cultural Intelligence (CQ)? The Cultural Intelligence Center defines CQ as a tool that â€Å"measures your capability to relate and work effectively in culturally diverse situations† (What is CQ Anyway?, 2017), noting that CQ is a form of intelligence that has been tested by academic researchers in over 98 countries for nearly two decades. Cultural Intelligence (CQ) is the ability to understand key cultural standards of a colleague’s culture, to listen, discern, and modify someone’s behaviorRead MoreCulture can include, but is not limited to ethnicity, spiritual belief, tribal affiliations,1400 Words   |  6 Pagesculturally competent care, acknowledging the importance of culture and the expansion of cultural knowledge and the adaptation of services to meet culturally unique needs. When looking at Description of the relevance and relationship between culture/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and cultural competence When considering health, it is vital we identify the relevance and relationships between culture, cultural competence and socioeconomic status and how they may affect an individual in receiving appropriate

Personal Narrative My Horse - 2617 Words

Some people think of them as animals. Some people think of them as objects. Some people think of them as friends. Then there are the few who think of them as family. Horses have always been like family to humans, except sometimes closer. There are many benefits to owning or being around horses. They come in many different colors. There is a multitude of breeds, also. Additionally, they have a long history with humans. Horses have unique behaviors. Showing horses has been the past-time or even career of many people. Furthermore, caring for horses can be a handful, but is definitely rewarding. Finally, riding horses is not just a hobby or a sport, but an action of your heart. Horses are wondrous creatures that have lived with man or†¦show more content†¦There are also several patterns. Some of them are dappled (pattern of rings) bay, black, or gray, chestnut or liver chestnut with a flaxen mane mane and tail, and surprisingly, being born a dark color and turning gray in the pr ime (this most often occurs in Arabians and Lipizzaners, and is not early aging, but merely a pattern). There are also many different markings a horse can have. Some occur on the face and some on the legs and the eel (or dorsal) stripe even appears on the back! Socks (white hair below the toe joint) and stockings (white hair below the ankle joint) are the most common leg markings. There are also tiger stripes, dark stripes on the legs. This is a very primitive marking, like the eel stripe and the colors dun and buckskin. Sometimes you can also see speckles of the horses main color in socks or stockings. The hoof can have different markings, too, such as the blue (black) hoof, white hoof, and striped hoof (a mix of the two). There are also many facial markings. Some include blazes (long, wide stripe down the face), stripes (long, narrow stripe down the face), lanterns (completely white face), snips (small white mark on the nose), stars (small white mark on the forehead),Show MoreRela tedContagious : Why Things Catch On By Jonah Berger979 Words   |  4 Pageslike Trojan Horses, carrying morals and lessons under the guise of word of mouth. STEPPS provides the foundations to recreate these ideas into messages, integral to the human narrative that people cannot tell its story without it. Amazing, Jonah Berger provides stories to better understand what each mnemonic part of STEPPS can do and how purposeful and effective it can be in real world narratives. The most eye-opening and compelling conversation that struck me is the Trojan horse analogy. WhatRead MoreEavan Boland Essay1375 Words   |  6 PagesEavan Boland is my favourite modern poet. There are many reasons for my positive response to her poems. What I love about Boland’s work is how revolutionary it is. Jody Allen Randolph, the American critic, once said that Boland â€Å"single-handedly challenged what was a heavily male-dominated profession†. What really appeals to me about Boland’s work is how she offers me fresh insight on old topics. In particular I like her reflections on love and relationships, the polemical/political dimension to herRead MoreSlaves : Animals Or Humans?1501 Words   |  7 Pagesmankind† (Garrison), evidence from the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave proves this when Frederick Douglass discussed when his master died and all of the property was left to his only son Andrew, and daughter, Lucretia. Douglass had to return to the plantation to be divided and valued. â€Å"We were all ranked together at the valuation. Men and women, old and young, married and single, were ranked with horses, sheep and swine. There were horses and men, cattle and women, pigs andRead MoreFaith, Food, And Captivity : Mary Rowlandson s Account Of Survival And Courage1554 Words   |  7 Pages Faith, Food, and Captivity: Mary Rowlandson s Account of Survival and Courage The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson is a personal account that was written by Mary Rowlandson in 1682. It is her account of what her experience in captivity was like. Her narrative about her captivity grew popular with American and English literature. Rowlandson lost everything when there was an attack orchestrated by Indians on her town Lancaster, Massachusetts in 1675; where she wasRead MoreI Lay Dying By William Faulkner837 Words   |  4 Pagesacts like a selfish teenager. The author, Faulkner, published many books using the stream of consciousness method. He â€Å"explor[ed] the depths of different characters’ inner conflict through disjointed, unpunctuated narrative† (Huang). He used punctuation and grammar differences to show personal voice. He wrote the Bundren’s narration exactly how they would talk, as poor and uneducated farmers from Mississippi in the 1920s. For example, after Addie, in her casket, falls down the r iver, Vardaman yells toRead MoreRichard Wright and William Faulkner both examine the psychologies of excluded members of society.1500 Words   |  6 Pagesbecomes the function of their characters’ minds in relation to one another, and to reality. Through different approaches, both Wright and Faulkner conduct modernist explorations of the social outcast’s interiority. To accomplish this, each author’s narrative voice traverses the gradient from realism to experimental fragmentation, Wright constructing a vertical consciousness, articulate and omniscient regarding Bigger’s psychological world, and Faulkner accessing a horizontal one, mostly illustratingRead MoreRobert Frost Explication Analysis1266 Words   |  6 Pagesputs it, the surface-level events display â€Å"†¦ the pretended simplicity of the narrative,† suggesting that Frost intends a deeper meaning (Ciardi 14). This poem is perhaps the most interesting to dissect; its sparking of po larizing arguments, lack of explanation by Frost, and worldwide familiarity allow for an entertaining analysis. Before determining the underlying meaning of the poem, one must first investigate the personal experiences of Robert Frost, whose life was riddled with adversity. His fatherRead MoreAlice Munro s Boys And Girls And Jamaica Kincaid s Girl1524 Words   |  7 PagesThe narrative voice is intriguing when choosing a literacy technique when applied to Alice Munro s â€Å"Boys and Girls† and Jamaica Kincaid s â€Å"Girl† because it highlights the significance of women s role during the 1960 s. The story of Boys and Girls is in third person narration describing an eleven- year old girl. This story was published in 1968, a time when the second wave of feminism movement occurred. This story gives information about adult gender roles. The setting of the story is in CanadaRead MoreAnalysis Of Blood Wedding By Federico Garcia Lorca And Translated By Jo Clifford1499 Words   |  6 Pagesand temporal context against which it was written. Women portray arguably the most significan t roles and interpretation, with the female roles are largely constructing the recurring themes of tradition and tension. It is via this process that the narrative progresses, resulting in movement through our understanding of the traditional values underpinning Spanish life and culture at the time of writing. Throughout, emphasis is placed upon traditional religious values such as arranged marriage, particularlyRead MoreThe Last Duchess By Robert Browning865 Words   |  4 Pagesmore than just the image of his former wife in the painting. To him the painting represents his control and power and tells the tale of his former wife in the way he speaks of the painting. An analysis of the poem â€Å"My Last Duchess† will reveal how the Duke uses art to further the narrative of this poem through symbolism, reveal the relationship with his former wife and control others. The writer of this poem Robert Browning is a master at captivating the potential of the dramatic monologue, here art

Chorus of Dragging Steps free essay sample

Cucuruchos, cucuruchos, cucuruchos. Thousands of them channeled down the timeworn and slender street. I had never truly understood their purple cloaks, nor their conical hats that cascaded into a listless mask. It was the poorly cut holes and the remorseful eyes underneath, which I grasped even less. Why march for hours under this incarcerating heat? Yet, as the eyes continued to multiply, my confusion faded and the aura changed. The crowd had gained an allegiance, it evolved beautifully. A few hours earlier I crossed the street with my dad and younger brother. He was taking us to the colonial center to see the procession. â€Å"I brought you because of Holy Week. Hundreds of people march down the streets and carry crosses as a tribute to Catholicism. It’s interesting!† he preached. I pressed my camera against my chest and held an eager smile against my cheeks. As soon as I stepped out, the chorus of dragging steps had began. We will write a custom essay sample on Chorus of Dragging Steps or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I entered a marathon of snapping my camera, jumping, bending, squinting; I wanted to capture everything. Everyone in the crowd was dressed up; most wore cloaks, while others were even garbed as romans and imitations of Jesus. Yet, as I started to pay closer attention I realized this enactment was much realer than the performance I had expected. I started to notice the crosses heaved by shaking bodies and a forehead stained by a crown of thorns. Their bodies should have ached but I felt as if the only person wincing was me. My vigorous shooting had ceased and now my eyes were the only lenses snapping images into my mind. I then caught sight of an old woman that trudged along. She seemed amazingly fragile, especially because of the cross that arched her back and seemed twice her size. At a halt, her entire body trembled as she passed the cross to two men in the back. They exchanged fellowship and smiles; I was bewildered. Tears climbing down, it had become too much to handle. I was overwhelmed by the cruelty of the crowd’s self-flagellation and the beauty of their collective perseverance. u Despite the shock, I still wanted to capture every second of the procession. It was only fair for me to take their perseverance as an example. These people were willing to endure body-wrenching circumstances for what they believed in, and I understood I might also have to endure difficulties because of my fervent belief in art. Finally, I grabbed my camera and started shooting again. Later on, I saw the beauty of the pictures. I felt I had taken a part of me and turned it into an object that was concrete and even beautiful. This pride never fails me when I have made a work of art and at that moment I knew my perseverance had been worth it.

A Fever You Cant Sweat Out by Panic! At the Disco free essay sample

Review over â€Å"A Fever You Can’t Sweat Out† By: Panic! At the Disco The album â€Å"A Fever You Can’t Sweat Out,† performed by Panic! At the Disco. This is one of their older albums, released on September 22, 2005. I will say that this is by far one of the weirdest albums that they have done, but it’s also my favorite. I think the most interesting song on the album is â€Å"I Write Sins Not Tragedies† The song talks about him being at a church and someone says something bad about the bride, he gets very mad and starts screaming at the bridesmaid and the waiter. â€Å"Haven’t you people ever heard of, closing the door?! No, its much better to face these kinds of things with a sense of poise and rationality.† Even if this is a very odd type song, I think that is something that really defines them. We will write a custom essay sample on A Fever You Cant Sweat Out by Panic! At the Disco or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They always have some weird surprise up their sleeve that is completely irrelevant and random. Another one that I really enjoy is â€Å"It’s Time to Dance† I honestly haven’t been able to figure out what the song truly means yet. It is a very catchy, fun song; I find my self dancing and singing it to myself all the time. That’s how I am with most of their songs actually, I love them. I feel that they open up a window so that you can act however you want to. The types of songs they sing vary so much that you can listen to them in any mood. I feel while listening to them I am able to just let all my worries go away while I sing. Other people may not feel the same because they may not enjoy their songs, but everyone has a personal opinion. Some of their songs do have some â€Å"inappropriate† lyrics, so they aren’t meant for just anyone. I love them because they are crazy and outgoing and don’t care what people say about them. I listen to their music because I love their sound, and every song has its own story.

The Effectiveness of Loyalty Programs

A loyalty program is a specific marketing strategy which is used within the global market to attract more profitable customers and enhance the level of the organization’s income. Organizations usually offer reward cards or loyalty cards, flyers, and discounts in order to establish the long-term relations with loyal customers.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on The Effectiveness of Loyalty Programs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Loyalty programs are oriented toward the stimulation of the customer’s buying behavior with the help of the rewards and bonuses proposed (Dekay, Toh, Raven, 2009). From this point, the loyalty program is one of the oldest marketing strategies which are used in the global economy during a long period of time. History of Loyalty Programs The first usages of loyalty programs are associated with the development of strategic management principles within organizations. That is w hy, loyalty programs are directly connected with loyalty marketing. The noticeable start of using the principles of loyalty within the hospitality industry is typical for the 1980s with the further intensive development of the tendency in the 1990s. However, the aspects of the modern loyalty programs are also characteristic for the marketing in the 18th – 19th centuries when the first premiums and prizes were proposed to affect the customers’ loyalty (Yi Jeon, 2003). Premiums as the most typical forms of the loyalty programs were used in the business environment also along with prizes, trading stamps, discounts, and box tops. If premiums can provide significant discounts for customers in order to guarantee their next usage of the product or service, prizes are the small gifts which evoke the target audience’s interest in buying this or that product or using the definite service. According to Voss and Seiders, there are many possible variants of prizes that reta ilers use to create the customer loyalty. During the first stages of the marketing development, cigarette cards and other trading cards were proposed to customers in order to create the loyal relations and make them purchase the certain product. During different periods, the modern food packaging and other prize strategies were proposed to attract customers (Voss Seiders, 2003).Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The hospitality industry is one of the most competitive industries in the word. That is why the usage of the loyalty programs can be observed within the market since the early 1980s. To win within the highly competitive market, hotels are inclined to use different loyalty programs and combine them with references to the group of customers. The typical feature of using the loyalty programs in the hospitality industry is the focus on attracting new customers (Berman, 2006). That is why, much attention is paid to the development of loyalty strategies which are used to work with customers when they utilize the services of the hotel for the first time (Yi Jeon, 2003). As a result, the system of bonuses and rewards is constantly developed in the hotel chains globally. During the 1990s, the strategy of direct mailing was worked out in order to strengthen the current relations with customers and contribute to creating the group of the profitable customers. Thus, the customers who are involved in the loyalty programs are the profitable customers, and hotel managers pay much attention to working with these clients in order to increase the profits and guarantee the further returns. To respond to the changes in the business environment and enhance the quality performance among individuals, the principles of direct marketing and direct mailing were developed. The next stages were the usage of the mail order catalogue and the involvement of the media in t he direct marketing (Berman, 2006). The evolution of premiums and prizes and the contributions of the pioneers of direct marketing have led to the establishment of the modern loyalty programs used by organizations within the hospitality industry to attract potential customers and maintain the existing profitable clients. The introduction of present modern loyalty programs such as card linked offers, consolidated loyalty programs, and frequent flyers is based on the achievements within the market and analysis of the most effective strategies to stimulate the customers’ loyalty (Yi Jeon, 2003).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on The Effectiveness of Loyalty Programs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Effectiveness of Loyalty Programs Business organizations are traditionally oriented to the profit maximization. However, organizations cannot maximize profits without focusing on the intense competition with other companies within the industry. From this perspective, the usage of loyalty programs as a marketing strategy is important for companies to accentuate the definite advantages of the company, to help customers distinguish between different representatives of the same industry, and to make choice which is beneficial for the certain company. Thus, hotels are inclined to propose various loyalty programs in order to attract the definite social categories and improve the customers’ brand loyalty. Many researchers are inclined to agree that loyalty programs are the necessary and effective strategies to be implemented in the hospitality industry because they are the successful variant to draw the customers’ attention to the positive features and emphasize the real advantages for them (Dekay, Toh, Raven, 2009). The accents on the advantages in the form of rewards and discounts for customers are the direct way to contribute to the customer loyalty in relation to the defini te hotel and increase the company’s profits basing on the long-term relations. The loyalty programs which are effective to establish the profitable relations with customers can be divided into several types. A loyalty program with a saving feature enables customers to receive rewards after spending a certain amount of money while using the hotel services. The organization can use this program to create customer loyalty and increase purchases (Berman, 2006). Thu, the program encourages the constant use of a loyalty card. Furthermore, this method supports the customer awareness of the services provided. The program also enables an organization to determine the product preferences and focus on the customer relationship status with the company.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hotels and other organizations within the hospitality market offer price promotions to customers on definite products and services. This feature can provoke the customer buying behavior and make several customers join the loyalty program provided by a company in order to become members and enjoy the proposed and promoted benefits. These programs can enhance the customer loyalty directly. Moreover, this strategy enables an organization to obtain and pay attention to specific personal responses (Bolton, Lemon, Verhoef, 2004). Direct mailing is also an effective marketing strategy used by hotels in order to address the needs of customers at the personal level with concentrating on their personal expectations. This is a method that an organization can use as a personal treatment for customers, and it can enhance the personal customer loyalty. Receiving the individual response, the company can improve services and the provision of products with references to the customers’ desire s and expectations. Factors that Attract People to Loyalty Programs and Staying at Hotels during a Longer Period of Time The factors which can attract people to loyalty programs and affect their customer loyalty are associated with the types of the programs proposed. Those loyalty programs that are based on savings enable customers to save for the future use of this definite service or product. This proposition is interesting for those clients who have to use the hotels services in the definite region frequently or during a long period of time. Moreover, these loyalty programs attract customers to the respective organizations and famous hotel chains because they can redeem their points and use them to purchase. However, the saving culture is an aspect that the most consumers evaluate, but they can find it difficult to practice, and the detailed loyalty programs proposed in hotels provide customers with the opportunity to use all the benefits of the program fully (Bolton, Lemon, Ver hoef, 2004). Thus, consumers are able to save their money by joining loyalty programs. Loyalty programs which are associated with promotions can be based on the propositions of the lower prices or discounts to use definite services. Customers are mainly inclined to buying affordable, but high-quality products (McCall Voorhees, 2010). Reduced prices and discounts can increase the purchasing power of consumers and stimulate their general buying behavior. Promotions are easily accessible to consumers under loyalty programs provided by hotels (Bolton, Lemon, Verhoef, 2004). Furthermore, it is advantageous for the hotel when the concern and preferences of individual consumers are addressed by organizations basing on the response which they receive (Wansink, 2003). This strategy also enables an organization to pay more attention to the comfort and interests of the clients. As a result, observing the positive attitude and a range of rewards provided, customers can decide to spend more ti me in a hotel or choose this hotel during the next journeys. Moreover, the individuals should have the opportunity to contact companies and hotels directly, if they are subscribed to the definite loyalty program. The customer’s interest in the services increases (Bolton, Lemon, Verhoef, 2004). Thus, individuals are attracted to the loyalty programs because this enables them to communicate their concerns directly to an organization and receive the feedback directly from the company. When customers are provided with a large set of loyalty rewards which are connected with the definite terms they can be oriented to use more guaranteed services at a time. Moreover, customers are often provided with the greater discounts proposed for the next comings and for the further usage of the hotel’s services (Wansink, 2003). This situation makes customers choose the definite hotel and stay there to use all the proposed benefits which are stated in relation to the developed loyalty p rograms. Challenges that Hospitality Industry Faces in Relation to Loyalty Programs The loyalty programs can be used ineffectively in relation to certain industries due to the nature of business, products, and services offered by companies. There are several challenges that organizations in the hospitality industry face in the process of developing and implementing a loyalty program to establish the customer loyalty and stimulate the buying behavior. The most common challenges are the irregular patterns of demand, the dynamic nature of the industry, and the lack of an appropriate program, the imbalance between the costs and outcomes of the loyalty program used (Wansink, 2003). The hospitality industry can face a challenge of the irregular demand pattern depending on the season factor or the region of the hotel’s location. It is rather difficult to establish an effective loyalty program due to the irregular demand patterns and the seasonal character of business. Providing the definite rewards and bonuses for customers, the hotel managers should take into consideration the fact of the season when the proposed rewards or premiums can be used. Wansink states that it is rather difficult to develop the effective loyalty program, concentrating on its possible outcomes from all the perspectives (Wansink, 2003). Thus, the dynamic nature and highly competitive atmosphere of the industry makes hotel managers create more effective loyalty programs which can satisfy the needs of the majority of clients and which can attract new customers. The focus on the loyal and profitable customers remains unchanged for the hospitality industry without references to the season or the industry tendencies. Moreover, considering the irregular demand patterns, organizations in the hospitality industry are not able to decide on an appropriate loyalty program to adopt. According to Berman, this situation often leads to changes in programs, therefore, confusing consumers (Berman, 2006) . The nature of services in the industry makes it difficult for organizations to develop effective loyalty programs also because costs of the loyalty programs are often higher than the real results. Some loyalty programs are highly costly, but they are not effective enough to attarct more customers (Berman, 2006). References Berman, B. (2006). Developing an effective customer loyalty program. California Management Review, 49(1), 123-148. Bolton, R. N., Lemon, K. N., Verhoef, P. C. (2004). The theoretical underpinnings of customer asset management: A framework and propositions for future research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 32(3), 1-20. Dekay, F., Toh, R., Raven, P. (2009). Loyalty programs: Airlines outdo hotels. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 50(3), 371-390. McCall, M., Voorhees, C. (2010). The drivers of loyalty program success: An organizational framework and research agenda. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 35(1), 35-52. Voss, G. B., Seiders, K. (2003). Explo ring the effects of retail sector and firm characteristics on retail price promotion strategy. Journal of Retailing, 79(2), 37-52. Wansink, B. (2003). Developing a cost-effective brand loyalty program. Journal of Advertising Research, 43(3), 301-309. Yi, Y., Jeon, H. (2003). Effects of loyalty programs on value perception, program loyalty and brand loyalty. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 31(3), 229-240. This proposal on The Effectiveness of Loyalty Programs was written and submitted by user Al1a to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Writing a Synthesis Essay Sample - Top Tips For Writing A Great One

Writing a Synthesis Essay Sample - Top Tips For Writing A Great OneHave you seen a synthesis essay sample for a general composition? It is usually a complete overview of a particular topic or area, such as art history, philosophy, economics, sociology, politics, and even science and technology. So how would you go about writing a synthesis essay?Most of the abstract thinkers such as Albert Einstein, Bertrand Russell, and Socrates came up with ideas and concepts that eventually shaped modern thought. They were deeply intellectual, and they knew about the importance of research. They also understood that they could never be an expert in everything. So they were willing to accept that a knowledge of various subjects was indispensable for them to be an intellectual powerhouse.We are all seeking to be such philosophers or letter writers. The goal is to expose your thoughts so they can become compelling. The goal is to encourage readers to read further and to possibly accept the ideas and concepts that you are presenting.Although you will find a number of essay samples online, most of these will only cover a few topics. Most will also require you to write at least two essays in order to receive the required score. If you have decided to study at night or on a weekend, you are not limited to a specific number of hours of learning, either.Your essays must cover a number of different areas. You cannot expect to learn a certain body of information in an hour. Even the most trained university professors are unable to teach everything they know.With that in mind, you may want to consider some of the latest theories on writing an essay, which may have to do with the subject interpretation. To help you succeed, I recommend that you consider learning to interpret and highlight each and every paragraph so that you may find your way through the work.You will need your analytical skills to manage the material, and you should consider spending some time reading up on article anal ysis. By acquiring this skill, you will be well prepared to successfully communicate your thoughts to the reader.